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Drop in nutrition value during food logistics impacts the health of consumers. Vegetables, fruits, fish, milk lose nutrients during logistics if it is not properly monitored. Real-time tracking and monitoring, large data handling and secure business transactions are key to the effective operation of supply chains. The COVID-19 pandemic has taught us the need for handling unforeseen situations in various sectors. Limitations to logistic operations, inaccessible warehouses, shutdown of consumer outlets for an unexpected duration, have affected the supply chain drastically. This has laid emphasis on the need for technology-based solutions that can monitor, control and make quick decisions, that can reduce losses. With this scenario as a background, a system architecture has been proposed to detect the nutrient value of food by periodically monitoring temperature and humidity in real-time and alerting the cold chain entities in cold chain environments. This architecture is proposed as an integration of Internet of Things (IoT) with cloud-based storage, to provide real-time data collection at the end-user, seamless storage and computation in the cloud and secure transactions at the business layer. An experimental setup of the system architecture has been configured and the implementation has been tested at a preliminary level. The performance of the application is analyzed and the proposed web application is efficient for large scale supply chain applications, provided scaling of hardware resources.
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This report describes the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the productive and economic aspects of livestock and aquaculture production in Italy, including farm management, labour, income, marketing and consumption of animal products (meat, fish, eggs, milk and dairy products), consumer behaviour, food safety, agrotourism and disease control.
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Online teaching has become an important part of higher education due to the continuous effects of the global COVID-19. In this paper, the online teaching of Animal Product Processing was designed and implemented from three aspects of optimization of online teaching content, organization of teaching process and implementation of online assessment. According to the analysis of the questionnaire survey and the final evaluation results, the online teaching of Animal Product Processing is well received by the students and has achieved good teaching results, providing a useful reference for colleges and universities to carry out in-depth online teaching of Animal Product Processing.
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Purpose: Childhood obesity has become a social problem due to the social distancing necessitated by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This study aimed to identify the dietary problems of obese children through various dietary assessment methods and to confirm the usefulness of each method. Methods: The subjects were 88 students in the 4th to 6th grade of elementary school who participated in the nutrition camp organised by the Busan Metropolitan Office of Education, 2020. To evaluate dietary problems and assess diet quality, 24-hour meal records, monthly food intake frequency, and Dietary Screening Test (DST) data were analyzed. Results: Of the subjects, 15.7%, 30.3%, and 53.9% were normal weight, overweight, and obese, respectively. The average age was 11.77 +or- 0.77 years and the average body mass index was 23.96 +or- 3.01 kg/m2. It was observed from the 24-hour meal record method that the overweight and obese subject groups consumed fewer green vegetables (p < 0.001) and white vegetables (p < 0.01) than the normal weight group. In the monthly food intake frequency method, the consumption of ramen (p < 0.01), snacks (p < 0.05), and sausages (p < 0.05) were high in the obese group, and that of anchovies, broccoli, and sweet pumpkin was high in the normal group (p < 0.05). The comparative data from the DST revealed that the overweight and obese groups had less vegetable intake than the normal weight group (p < 0.01) and had higher intakes of dairy products, fast food, and sweet snacks (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The usefulness of each method in the dietary evaluation of obese children was confirmed. To address the problem of obesity, it is necessary to evaluate the dietary problem and approach it with a customized solution tailor-made for the individual subject.
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The Babussalam Al-Firdaus Islamic Boarding School is located in the village of Bocek, Karangploso, Malang Regency, East Java. The owner of the boarding has been produced pasteurized milk which is performed by the students. Some of the obstacles faced by the students are the short shelf life of pasteurized milk about 5-7 days at 4 degrees C storage temperature, non-standard packaging, and the limitations of product distribution and marketing. The owner of the Babussalam Al-Firdaus Islamic Boarding School has a plan to develop dairy and bakery products. However, the students have limitation of knowledge and skills in processing those products, and the boarding school has limitation of processing equipment. To overcome these problems, our team, initiate the establishment of SMEs involving students at the Babussalam Al-Firdaus Islamic Boarding School through diversification of dairy-based processed products and bakery products. Firstly, introduction of some lectures including bakery products technology, milk processing technology, packaging and storage technology, food quality assurance and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). Secondly, product trials and training activities are carried out offline by implementing health protocols due to the Covid-19 pandemic at the Food Production and Training Center (FPTC), Universitas Brawijaya. Some processing equipment was given to Islamic boarding schools to facilitate the production of bakery and dairy products. The new SMEs in the field of bakery and dairy products can be executed through the empowerment of students so as to provide additional income for the Babussalam Al-Firdaus Islamic Boarding School to be financial independence.
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The study was undertaken to know perception of veterinary students on impact of COVID-19 lockdown on livestock and poultry sectors and suggestions to manage the lockdown impact. Data were collected through google form from 73 veterinary undergraduate students on July 2021. The data was analysed by descriptive statistics, Rank Based Quotient (RBQ) and results were interpreted. Our results revealed that veterinary students strongly agreed with increased prices for concentrate feed and limited supply (50.70%), limited availability of veterinary doctors for private practices (39.70%), declined livestock sales owing to livestock transportation constraints (41.10%) and declined demand for meat/livestock due to consumer unreadiness (28.80%) toward the livestock sectors. Further, the study reported that veterinary students had greater perception on price drop of eggs and broiler chicken during lockdown's initial period (47.90%), rise in consumption of country chicken meat and eggs (61.60%) and farm labour shortages (47.90%) in the poultry sector. These participants suggested, expansion of milk collection centres;and sell milk and meat via a mobile van (RBQ 47.06);give COVID-19 vaccination priority to farm labour;employ family labour for farm maintenance (RBQ 36.76);and promote COVID-19 measures through prominent local leaders (RBQ 35.29) to manage COVID-19 impact on livestock.
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The aim of the article is to present changes in the bilateral trade in agri-food products between Poland and China, and to identify the main opportunities and threats to the development of Polish agri-food exports to this market. The article is based on data received from the Central Statistical Office, WITS-Comtrade and Eurostat-Comext databases. The analysis covers the value and commodity structure of bilateral trade in agri-food products as well as indicators of the degree of adjustment of Polish agri-food exports to China's import demand. The research results indicate that Polish trade in agri-food products with China is characterized by a constant deficit, and the export of agri-food products from Poland to China focuses on several groups of products. Sales of Polish food on the Chinese market reached a record value of EUR 207 million in 2019, but it constituted only 0.7% of the total Polish agri-food exports. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic caused additional logistical difficulties, increased production and transport costs, which directly translated into lower profitability and a decrease in exports in the next two years.
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This policy note summarizes results of a study on the impact of COVID-19 on dairy value chains in Uganda. We use a stack survey consisting of 1616 dairy farmers, 695 small-scale milk traders, and 93 milk collection centers (MCCs) that were surveyed in-person in late 2018 as the basis for follow-up telephone interviews in 2020 and 2021. We find that the COVID-19 crisis mainly affected the dairy value chain through a reduction in demand as international trade reduced and households reduced consumption of more expensive foods due to income losses. As a result, prices drastically reduced at multiple stages of the value chain, and the number of actors affected by the price decrease worsened as the pandemic persisted. In general, we see that while dairy business closures during COVID-19 are limited, the joint reduction in demand and price leads to widespread reductions in scale of operation, dairy revenues and household income, although these somewhat recover over time, especially among MCCs. In the long-run, policy efforts to increase and stabilize local and export demand for dairy products seems most promising. For example, the government may institute policies that promote consumption of dairy products in schools and homes through information campaigns or temporary dairy vouchers. Government should also make it a priority to keep international trade flowing.
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This article discussed some of the dairy products that will be out in the market after the Covid-19 pandemic among these products are comfort foods such as cheddar and milk chocolate, dairy products for weight management such as less sugar yoghurt, and low-fat flavoured milk, premium cheeses for at-home entertaining such as gourmet cheese, and lastly the high protein dairy beverage.
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Pricing management is part of farm management with the purpose of increasing profitability and competitiveness. It is based on the production cost and purchase price which difference affects to the financial result. The aim of this research is to identify milk price volatility at the Croatian and EU level, international trade, as well as to identify trends for the period from 2016 to 2020 and to simulate changes for the next period from 2021 to 2025. The analyzed data were taken from the Eurostat and processed using time and harmonized index. Milk production in the EU-27 for 2020 is 23 mil. tons of milk and averages 65 kilograms milk consumption per capita. The lowest average production price of milk in the analyzed period at the EU-27 level was in 2016 (28 per 100 kg of milk) and in following years it is up to 35 per 100 kg. The market situation reflects the consequence of the abolition of quotas in the dairy industry (2015) and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. In period from 2021 to 2025, a slight growth and slowdown in milk production of 2.83% compared to 2020 and an increase in the average producer milk prices in 2025 by 9.6% compared to 2020 are projected. This research contributes to identifying the sources of difficulties in managing prices. The guidelines have been developed for more efficient price management in order to improve the competitiveness and market positioning.
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This bulletin highlights the effects of COVID-19 in the dairy cattle sector with emphasis on milk prices and milk yield.
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This article discusses the strategies done by the dairy sector in Switzerland to maintain and even have surplus milk supply during the Covid-19 pandemic. Some of the strategies implemented during the pandemic are milk production tests, inspection of the origin of milk, registration of calves, and insemination using top performing dairy bulls.
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Key messages: Three cases of generalised oedema were seen in COVID-19 positive children and nutrition therapy with F-75 milk formula was associated with oedema resolution in all three cases. As the understanding of kwashiorkor to enable preventive and therapeutic interventions evolves, it is helpful to observe that mechanisms in kwashiorkor have much in common with the phenomena of oedema associated with other conditions.
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Embrapa Gado de Leite/Centro de Inteligencia do Leite carried out a survey to assess the behaviour of Brazilian consumers of milk and dairy products during the Covid-19 pandemic, considering household consumption. It was shown that long-life milk was not the most important dairy product in the Brazilian shopping basket. Despite being present in more than 90% of Brazilian homes, other dairy products, especially cheeses, are gaining consumer preference. Data from market consultants showed that this sales channel had the highest growth during the first months of the pandemic. The majority of survey respondents said they maintained or even increased the consumption of dairy products. Data from consulting market confirmed the survey results, reporting increases in sale of dairy products during the first half of 2020. The survey results also showed consumption patterns by income classes and regions of Brazil, showing the complexity of the national dairy market. In the case of income, the higher percentage of consumption stability in the lower income classes was high. Regarding the most important factor at the time of purchase of dairy products, the price was more considered by the higher income classes, and low prices and the brand by higher-income consumers. In the case of regions, differences were also evidenced in the maintenance of consumption of products, with powdered milk having a higher percentage of stability in the northeast and north, as well as the importance of price and brand in the purchase decision, in which the price prevailed more in the northeast than in other regions. In conclusion, income, rather than price, is the determining factor of dairy consumption in Brazil.
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Background: Breast milk provides the ideal nutrition for infants. It has a nearly perfect mix of vitamins, protein, and fat. Breastfeeding has many health benefits for both the mother and infant. Breast milk contains all the nutrients an infant needs in the first six months of life. The present study aimed to measure aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) levels in breast milk and identify nutritional and socio-demographic factors associated with AFM1 levels.
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This article offers an analysis of the economic situation of several animal sectors (cow's milk, beef, pork, poultry meat and the equine sector) in France, two years after the start of the Covid-19 pandemic. Starting from the latest statistical data available for the period 2020 to 2021 and while taking into account historical trajectories, it seeks to highlight how this crisis has had implications for production, prices, consumption, foreign trade and, in the case of the equine sector, the various activities (horse betting, equestrian centres, etc.). The production of agricultural goods was generally little impacted by the health crisis because farmers continued to produce, sometimes despite certain difficulties, such as the lack of labor, temporary loss of outlets, etc. Faced with a significant change in the structure of demand (increase in products purchased by households to the detriment of those favored in out-of-home catering), the sudden measures imposed by the State and the difficulties sometimes encountered in maintaining the number of employees, processors have been able to adapt quickly to provide consumers with the goods demanded. Trade flows were also disrupted in 2020, before picking up again in 2021, according to trends that were ultimately fairly consistent with those preceding the crisis. Under the influence, on the one hand, of the increase in the price of energy (even before the war in Ukraine which began on February 24, 2022) and, on the other hand, fluctuating imports from China into global animal product markets, producer prices increased in late 2021 and early 2022, but this increase is offset by a sharp increase in production costs. In the equine sector, turnover losses were temporarily significant due to the interaction of this sector with the public. After the shock of 2020, and subject to adaptation by the players in the sector, activities are gradually resuming.
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The Covid-19 pandemic is a major global event. A reflection on the first implications of this sanitary crisis for the world agricultural economy and the animal sectors of three geographical areas is proposed in this article. The agri-food systems have been strongly affected by this crisis, whose global economic impacts (a 3.5% drop in world gross domestic product and a 5.3% drop in international trade in goods between 2019 and 2020) are affecting the purchasing power of final consumers. However, they have resisted the crisis well, both in terms of supply (stability or slight growth in the volumes of meat and milk produced on a global scale) and trade. In 2021, the sharp rise in international prices for agricultural products and the rapid resumption of economic growth, particularly in the three zones more specifically studied here (China, the United States and the European Union), suggest that agriculture should remain under pressure from sustained world demand. More than Covid-19, the impact of African swine fever in China has had a major impact on international meat trade flows for several years. In addition, the growing Chinese appetite for dairy products is playing a central role in the development of international dairy markets, to the benefit of exporting areas including the EU and the US.
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These proceedings contain 31 articles on the bioeconomy during the COVID-19 pandemic, discussing topics in connection to: agricultural economics, trade, market competitiveness, agribusiness, prices, and consumer attitudes;tourism and ecotourism;milk production;wheat production;environmental protection in response to infrastructural and climate change;food production;agricultural policy;Twitter communications;and other related topics.
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Background: More than 1 year has passed since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nutrition and its role in boosting the immune system have been a hot topic during the previous year in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic. An effective medicine for COVID-19 has not been introduced and public vaccination has not gained an acceptable speed in the world;therefore, preventive measures, protocols adherence, and a robust immune system are crucial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of food in boosting the immune system during the Covid-19 pandemic.
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This study explored how response to COVID-19, especially the implementation of mitigation measures, might have impacted on food safety in East Africa. The work was implemented in the framework of an ongoing food safety project in East Africa that was being led by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). Data were collected in November and December 2020 through telephone and online interviews and using a short guide developed by the project. Food safety experts (n = 25) based in countries within East Africa and who had engaged with ILRI in previous projects were asked to participate in the study. In terms of impact, livestock was ranked as the most affected value chain (60%;15/25), followed by vegetables and fruits (32%) and finally fish (8%). For livestock products, meat (62%), dairy (38%) and poultry (12%) were the most affected by the pandemic. The cereals value chain was perceived to be the least affected (68%). As regards to regulation, staff were few and had to work in shifts. Market surveillance programs were also affected. Food safety concerns associated with bulk purchases (aflatoxins, access to expired products etc.) were reported. Gaps in the implementation of the One Health approach were observed. COVID-19 has significantly impacted food systems, not only in terms of production and access but also in terms of quality and safety of available food products. Interventions to address future pandemics will need to consider the negative impacts arising from enforcement of measures to mitigate diseases of public health importance. A One Health approach would facilitate this.